Thezmmm

Thezmmm

Never do things by halves.

01 Aug 2022

IELTSWriting

Standards

  1. TA : Task Achievement 任务完成
  2. TR : Task Response 任务回应
  3. CC : Coherence & Cohesion 内容连贯与篇章衔接
  4. LR : Lexical Resource 词汇资源
  5. GRA : Grammatical Range and Accuracy 语法范围与精准性

Task1

First paragraph

  • 改写题目 (换词 + 换句型) 能换就换

    • table -> chart/diagram

    • delete below

    • information -> data/statistics/numbers/figures

    • show -> illustrate/describe/depict/give information about/give/outline/reveal/indicate/present/provide an overview of/compare(永远为一般现在时)

    • proportion -> num + percent(百分之多少) / percentage(百分比)/share

    • different -> various/diverse/distinct

    • category -> type/sort/classification/division/aspect

    • from to -> between ..and ../during/over/throughout the period from ..to ..

Ending

重申主题， 结尾不写数据，数据都放在body

line graph

  1. 总体趋势(只看首尾)

    数据的上升与下降均为 主动

    • 波动性下降/上升

      • sth have/show a downward/upward trend

      • sth decrease/increase with (minor) fluctuations

    • 上升

      • increase/rise/go up(only .v)/grow(th)/jump/climb/proliferate
      • soar/rocket/surge = increase significantly

    • 下降

      • decrease/decline/go down/fall/drop
      • plummet/plunge = decrease significantly

    • 修饰上升下降(adv)

      • 轻微地
        • slightly/minimally/moderately/modestly/gradually/marginally
      • 剧烈地
        • sharply/substantially(实质性地)/steeply/dramatically/considerably/incredibly/remarkably/enormously

  2. 极值(需要写具体数字)

    • 峰顶
      • reach the peak/summit/top at
      • peak at
    • 谷底
      • reach the bottom at
      • bottom out at

  3. 不变

    • keep/remain + unchanged/stable/steady/constant

  4. 交点

    • 相同
    • 超过
      • outnumber/exceed/overtake/surpass

  5. 分段式描述

    • 句型
      • X rose sharply from 200 to 500 between 1970 and 1975
      • There was a sharp increase in X from 200 to 500 between 1970 and 1975
      • The period from 1970 to 1975 saw/witnessed a sharp increase

bar chart

pie chart

  1. 先审题，再看图
    • … is divided into … parts
  2. 几张饼，几种馅
    • portion/segment/percentage/proportion
    • adj
      • big : vast/massive/hefty/overwhelming
      • small : tiny/modest/mere
  3. 哪个多，哪个少
    • 占据
      • make up/constitute/account for/take up/occupy
    • 占最大/小的份额
      • consume the largest/smallest portion
    • 分别地，各自地
      • separately/respectively
    • 分数
      • one third/one in three/one out of every three 1/3
      • three quarters 3/4
    • 剩余
      • the rest/the remainder/the remaining

句型

  1. 占据
    • The … chart is composed of/is made up of X% of B, Y% of C …
    • A account for/constitute/make up X% of total…
    • The percentage/proportion of A is X%
  2. 括号表达
    • most of people(42%) worked in the industrial sector
  3. There be
    • There were 42% of the people (largest portion) working in the industrial sector
  4. 定从
    • The people working in the industrial sector occupied 42% of the total labor force, which was the most significant part of all
    • The people who worked in the industrial sector made up 42% of the total labor force . which was the most significant of all
  5. 被动
    • worked in -> were employed
    • 分词表被动 : The people employed covered 42%
  6. 动名词作主语
    • Comparatively, working in the industrial sector would be most people’s choice among all the sectors
  7. 宾主互换
    • Relatively, the industrial sector attracted the largest amount of workforce in 1932
  8. 时间做主语
    • 1932 witnessed the fact that working in the industrial sector became most people’s choic(42%)
  9. 独立主格
    • The next two hours witnessed a sharp rise in the number , with the number peaking at 280 in the noon

table

flow chart

Attention ：

  1. 时态： 一般现在时
  2. 全面性：所有信息
  3. 多用被动语态
  4. 开头 ： The whole process can be divided into x main stages/phases
  5. 照搬名词
  6. 精准而又多样的动词

步骤

  1. 找到流程图的过程，起点，终点
  2. 找到图上标出的已知信息
  3. 按照步骤，分段描述，不能省略任何一步
  4. 加入流畅合理的连接词
    • to begin with / at first / initially / in the first stage
    • The first stage invovles doing …
    • then / next / later / after this / subsequently
    • secondly / in the following stage/step
    • The next / following stage includes doing …
    • Finally / eventually / at the last stage
    • The last stage contains doing …
    • 具体描述某个步骤
      • at this point / stage / phase
      • at the same time / moment
      • meanwhile / while

句型

  1. 首段句型
    • The diagram / flowchart / map shows / illustrates / indicates / denotes …
    • From the information supplied/given in the diagram / flowchart / map , it is clear / evident / apparent that …
    • Given is a diagram / flowchart / map illustrating the process of …

map

分类

  1. 地理变迁图

    通常有时间跨度，注意时态

    以变化大的为优先

  2. 选址图

    优点&缺点

时态

  • 一般将来时
    • Be likely to = be predicted to = be estimated to = be forecast to = be expected to
    • It is likely that … = it is expected / estimated that …

空间顺序的表达

  • A 位于 B 的中心

    A is located/sited in the center/middle area of B

  • A 位于 B 的东/西/南/北

    A is/lies/is located/is sited to/in the east/west/south/north part of B

    in 在里 to 在外

  • A 位于 B 西南部的10公里处

    A is/lies/is located/is sited 10km to the east/west/south/north part of B

  • A在河流或道路的南边/北边

    • On the south/southern side of the river
    • On both sides of the road
    • On the other side of the river
    • Just off the main road

图形变化

  • 原有建筑
    • The preceding/original/previous/former building
  • 原有建筑扩建/缩减
    • The size of the library has been enlarged/extended/broadened/expanded/halved/reduced/diminished(by half)
  • 原有建筑数量上增多或减少
    • The number of homes has increased/risen/grown/decreased/dropped/fallen/doubled/tripled/quadrupled to 500
  • 原有建筑消失
    • The farms completely disappeared/were completely removed
  • 原有建筑被改为
    • A becomes B
    • A is transformed/reconstructed/redeveloped/converted/changed/turned over to/into B
    • A is replaced/substituted by B = A gives way to B
  • 图形新添事物
    • A newly-built road
    • A new car park was built/established/set up/constructed/completed
    • A new theater has been added to the library

Task2

论证方法

  1. 举例
  2. 因果
  3. 对比
  4. 假设

同意与否（不中立）

  1. 60%倾向性，倾向于同意/不同意
    1. 开头段
    2. 让步段，承认反方合理性
    3. 立论段，论证本方合理性
    4. 结论段
  2. 80%倾向性，很倾向于同意/不同意
    1. 开头段
    2. 驳论段，承认反方合理性&反驳
    3. 立论段，论证本方合理性
    4. 结论段

开头段

  1. 背景（可选，需扣题）
  2. 题目改写
  3. 表明观点
倾向
  1. 普通倾向
    • Although … , I agree …./ I tend to believe …
  2. 较强倾向
    • Personally, I would argue …
    • My personal conviction is that …
    • I am convinced that ….
  3. 非常坚持的倾向(不推荐)
    • I strongly believe ….
结构

  1. Some people think

    • It is believed that

    • It is argued that

    • It is said that

    • It is suggested that

让步段

需适当给出理由

  1. 默认反方合理
    • People who are against … belivev that …
    • People in favour of the idea believe that …
  2. 承认反方合理
    • It is true that ….

立论段

  1. 提出中心论点
  2. 拓展中心论点
  3. 支撑主要论点
抽象名词具体化
举例信号表达
  1. for instance
  2. by way of example
  3. a typical example is that
  4. another example would be

总结段

Based on all the arguments mentioned above, it is safe to conclude that…

双边讨论

部分题目可以中立，部分不可以，但是都可以站边，节省审题时间

  1. 60%倾向
    1. 开头段
    2. 讨论不倾向观点
    3. 讨论倾向观点
    4. 总结本方观点
  2. 80%倾向
    1. 开头段
    2. 讨论不倾向观点+反驳
    3. 讨论倾向观点
    4. 总结本方观点

开头段

题目改写拓展

  1. In some people’s opinion, A , whereas other people say B
  2. While some argue that A, other people say B
  3. Whilst some argue that A, other people say B
  4. Many people argue that A ,but some think otherwise ,saying B

观点拓展

  1. 60%
    • While accepting that …., I believe ….
    • Though accepting that …, I believe …
  2. 80%
    • Personally, I lean torwards the former/latter
    • What I believe is that ….

驳论段

表达不倾向的观点 + 拓展合理性

转折

表达驳论点 + 表达合理性&支撑拓展（从适用范围反驳）

因果推导
  1. 论点 -> 原因1 + 原因2 -> 扣题
  2. 论点 - > 结果1 -> 结果2 -> 扣题
引出原因
  • This is because
  • As
  • Due to + 词
  • for the simple reason that
  • since
  • in that
引出结果
  • This means
  • Consequently
  • Thus
  • As a result
  • Therefore
  • hence

结论段

In summary, I do not agree that 不倾向观点(尽量改写). It is my opinion that 倾向的观点(尽量改写)

利弊类

Health ; Efficiency ; Relationship ; Money ; Enviroment ; Socity ; Safety ; Spirit

  1. 60%倾向于利多/弊多

    1. 开头段

    2. 让步段

      弊/利

    3. 立论段

    4. 结论段

  2. 80%倾向于利多/弊多

    1. 开头段

    2. 驳论段

      弊/利 + 反驳

    3. 立论段

    4. 结论段

开头段

  1. 改写题目的现象
  2. 回应任务（给出立场）
    • Although + 从句 , 主句
    • While + 从句 ， 主句
    • Despite + 名词性结构， 主句

立论段

  1. 表达论点
  2. 利弊表达
    • 弊端 ： Another worry/downside/concern/problem is that …
    • 利处 ：Another merit/plus point is that …
  3. 支撑主要论点
    • 对比论证（审题判断是否适用 + 根据内容选择对比逻辑）
      • A 加 B 减
      • A 是 B 否
      • A + B ++

结论段

  1. 重申大小关系
  2. 常用利弊总结句型
    • 利 > 弊
      • To conclude/In conclusion, … brought some benefits , but overall, I believe that the drawbacks play a bigger role than these
    • 弊 > 利
      • To conclude/In conclusion, in spite of some problems , I believe the benefits of … override thses drawbacks

报告类

类型

  1. reason + solution
  2. reason + effect
  3. effect + solution

步骤

  1. 确定立场需要与否
  2. 辩证分析，头脑风暴

开头段

最后一句预告下文

  • 并列结构
    • This essay will look at … and then …
    • There are multiple reasons for this …, and I feel there are more … than … to this situation
  • 状语前后
    • After looking at … , this essay will …
    • This essay will look at …., before ….

条件论证

  • Without + n , (would) …
  • If no/not + 句子, … will/would …
  • If + 句子, … will/would….

总结段

In summary, 现象 is a 总结定义问题 problem , but there are solutions that can largely come from 解决主体(解决问题1 + 解决问题2)